November 2004
Vol. 29, No. 6
2005 Membership
Renewals
3
FAIC Donations
4
From the President
5
AIC News
7
Annual Meeting News
8
NEW! Member News
8
2005 Annual Meeting
Marketing
Opportunities
8
FAIC Application
Deadlines
10
Grant Deadlines
11
Health & Safety
Committee Seeks
Student Member
13
JAIC Accepts
Electronic
Submissions
17
Inside
American Institute for Conservation of Historic & Artistic Works
T
HOMAS
M. E
DMONDSON
Digital Photography: But What about Our
Careers! (Or,What Is Photograph Conservation?)
T
he question about what constitutes a
photograph has been around in one form
or another since the early days of photogra-
phy, as evidenced by M. P. Simons in a short
article titled, "A Few Words on Cleaning the
Daguerreotype," in Anthony's Photographic Bul-
letin (October 1875). The opening sentence
reads, in part, "As daguerreotypes are fre-
quently brought to photographers to be
copied into photographs it is well . . . that
they should know the best and safest mode of
cleaning them . . . that the best results may be
had in the copy." From this it would seem
that less than 40 years after the introduction
of the daguerreotype as the first commer-
cially successful photographic process, the
daguerreotype is no longer a photograph, but
is simply a daguerreotype.
In today's art market, photogravures--
copperplate etchings whose plates are pre-
pared in part through the use of photogra-
phy--are sold as photographs. Several types
of inkjet-printed images that come from elec-
tronic or digital data created through the
photographic process also are frequently
referred to as photographs, rather than inkjet
prints, which is what they are. There is no
doubt that image capture with a digital
camera is indeed photography, but the out-
puts are not photographs, they are ink on
paper. In fact, there may come the day when
a photograph conservator receives a call for
help with an inkjet or laser print that the best
response may well be, "What do you want
from me? I'm just a hologram."
The casual (if not lazy and sloppy) and
inaccurate use of the terms "photograph" and
"photography" as universally interchangeable is
continued on page 3
G
RANT
R
OMER
What Is a Photograph?
I
n the early 1970s the conservation of pho-
tographs began to define itself within the
conservation profession as a distinctly sepa-
rate specialty.The pioneers of the field argued
then that the unifying and essential nature of
the true photographs was a common origin
in chemical response to radiant energy, no
matter how varied in materials or structure,
or how much they might resemble other
forms of graphic imagery. Further, they made
the case that it was the photograph as object,
not just as image, that required a special con-
servation approach beyond what the photo-
graphic industry and paper conservation was
offering. The new professional specialty
established itself by being able to clearly
define the photograph.
Today, as if struck with a confusion of
tongues, the many conservation specialists who
speak for the photograph do not agree upon a
common answer to, "What is a photograph?"
For some, this is no problem at all. For others,
it indicates a grave confusion in the craft,
which threatens the very definition and effec-
tiveness of the specialty profession. Indeed,
some begin to question, "What is photograph
conservation?" Without a clear definition of
"photograph," commonly held by the profes-
sion, can it be possible to establish the domain
of the photograph conservator?
The stretching and blurring of the defini-
tion of "photograph" is a direct result of the
evolution of electronic imaging, which has
profoundly disrupted the traditional photo-
graphic industry. Daily, the convergence of
information and imaging technology is estab-
lishing a new industry and culture, spawning
new words and altering old definitions.
continued on page 4
2 AIC N
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Table of Contents
Allied Organization News . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Annual Meeting News . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
Conference Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
From the President . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
JAIC News . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
New Materials and Research . . . . . . . . . . .14
Member News . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
Positions, Internships, and Fellowships . . . . .28
Recent Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Supplier's Corner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
Worth Noting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
AIC NEWS
AIC News (ISSN 1060-3247) is published bi-monthly by
the American Institute for Conservation of Historic &
Artistic Works, 1717 K Street, NW, Ste. 200,Washington,
D.C. 20006, (202) 4529545; Fax: (202) 4529328;
info@aic-faic.org; www.aic-faic.org
Periodicals postage paid at Washington, D.C.
Postmaster: Send address changes to:
AIC News
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AIC News is mailed to members for $18 per year as a
portion of annual membership dues.
Opinions expressed in the AIC News are those of the
contributors and not official statements of the AIC.
Responsibility for the materials/methods described herein
rests solely with the contributors.
Deadline for January Editorial Submissions
(narmbruster@aic-faic.org):
December 1, 2004
We reserve the right to edit for brevity and clarity.
Advertising
AIC accepts position-available ads only from equal
opportunity employers. All position ads must conform to
the standards for equal opportunity employment.The cost
of Internships and Fellowships, Position Available, and
Classified Ads is: $1.05 per word for members and $2.15
per word for nonmembers; the minimum charge is $75.
The cost of advertising in Supplier's Corner is $175 for
100 words.The cost of display ads is: 1/6 page $215; 1/3
page $360; 1/2 page $445; 2/3 page $570; full page $695.
Deadlines for advertising copy are February 10, April 10,
June 10, August 10, October 10, and December 10.
All ads should be submitted to Sheila Paige at
spaige@aic-faic.org.
AIC News Staff
Lisa Goldberg
Editor
David Harvey
New Materials & Research Editor
Eryl P.Wentworth
Managing Editor
Nora A. Armbruster
Production Editor
Sheila Paige
Meetings & Marketing Officer
Meagan Goddard
Membership Assistant
© Copyright 2004. AIC News cannot be reproduced in its
entirety without permission from AIC. Individual articles may
be reproduced if permission has been granted by the owner
of copyright and proper citation attributed.The paper used in
this publication meets the minimum requirements of
American National Standard for Information Sciences--
Permanence of Paper for Publications and Documents in
Libraries and Archives, ANSI/ NISO Z39.481992.
a symptom of a larger problem looming on the horizon for
the professional photograph conservator. Any practicing pho-
tograph conservator can look at the number of albumen, gel-
atin, platinum, or collodion prints in her/his studio, and attest
to the fact that there is no real shortage of work. The hun-
dreds of thousands of the millions of photographs housed in
repositories across this country alone, which are in need of
some level of attention by a trained conservator, would sug-
gest that all our futures are quite secure. But since digital
reconstruction and manipulation of traditionally as well as
digitally captured images is enormously popular with profes-
sionals and amateurs alike, we all may be lulled by a false
sense of security.
Digital reconstruction is a viable, if not the only feasi-
ble option, for many damaged images, particularly when it
is the image that is valuable, not necessarily the photograph
as an object. (There is not room here to debate just who
makes that call.) However, making these choices is becom-
ing more difficult because institutional budget constraints
can make physical storage of originals very attractive, espe-
cially with recent price reductions for high-quality scanners
as well as printers that can use pigmented inks. Soon we
may start hearing,"These photos (because no one says pho-
tographs anymore) are old and they're supposed to look
like that." Or, "Let's `Photoshop' it because I don't want to
alter the original." (A classic example of missing the point
that the original is already altered because that is what
damage is: alteration of the original.) This slippery slope
poses a real threat for the loss of recognition of the "orig-
inal" as an object, and not just an image that can be moved
around and manipulated any way anyone wants. The latter
also is not a new concept; there are still discussions about
what "vintage" means, and whether or not a later print
made from an old(er) negative with better paper and better
processing is of greater or lesser value than one made at the
same approximate time that the negative was made. What
is new is the potential for manipulation of the image, and
loss of qualities that only the original print may retain.
Chemically degraded photographs remain a tremendous
problem to be solved. However, the few scientists who once
specialized in photograph conservation now seem to be
more enamored of finding pigmented ink-compatible desk-
top printers and counting pixels instead of image particles,
or have left the field due to lack of adequate support for
their expertise and research. Conservators who remain
committed to solving the problems we encounter when
dealing with chemically deteriorated and/or physically
damaged photographs have been set back by this abandon-
ment. The concept or attitude that these problems can be
digitally "solved" and the originals stored away ignores the
intrinsic values of photographs as aesthetic and historic
objects of unique value in their own right.
What is one left to think of the impact of advancing
imaging technology on the discipline of photograph con-
servation? Perhaps this: it is our responsibility to formulate
a protocol for image reconstruction in accordance with cur-
rently understood standards of practice for the applied con-
servation and accurate duplication of photographs. It is our
responsibility to establish a glossary of terms defining pho-
tographs and related materials and subjects, if for no other
reason than to force others to define what they mean. It is
our responsibility to continue to advocate for the proper
care and preservation of photographs as the unique objects
that they are. Recently, the AIC Photographic Materials
Group (PMG) established a committee to develop a proto-
col for image reconstruction to be presented for review and
approval for inclusion in the guidelines for practice, along
with appropriate commentaries. PMG has also established a
committee to create a glossary of approximately 50 terms
considered critical to the definition and/or description of
photographs and related and relevant materials. The results
of the work of these two committees will accomplish at
least two important goals: the first is the recognition and
acceptance of the significance of the development of digi-
tal imagery and the role it has in the discipline of photo-
graph conservation. By also standardizing our vocabulary
and reconfirming the intrinsic artistic and cultural/historic
values of photographs, whether they are preserved through
conservation treatment procedures or by digital reconstruc-
tion, we will extend the role of our discipline in the preser-
vation of our photographic cultural heritage.
It can be argued that the advent of digital photography
has little to do with photograph conservation, other than
presenting itself as another useful tool. Photographers who
choose to use digital cameras as their preferred means of
image capture will have to rely on technologically trained
persons to preserve their images. They will be at the mercy
of their industry, and of the skill of the following genera-
tions who will be much more immersed in the ever-evolv-
ing industry of technology than many of us now.
Finally, it is of the utmost importance that we all begin
to think more about how we use the vocabulary available
to us. Allowing ourselves to fall into using words for our
own convenience only leads us into a terminological chaos.
As E.E. Cummings might have put it, a photograph is still
a photograph though called by any other name, and all
other things are not photographs.
--Thomas M. Edmondson, Heugh-Edmondson Conservation
Services, LLC, Kansas City, Mo.,
Chair, Photographic Materials Group
AIC N
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Digital Photography
continued from page 1
2005 AIC Membership
Renewals in the Mail!
Renewals are due January 31, 2005
Don't delay and miss out on an exciting and
rewarding new year with AIC! Please remember
to mail in your renewal.
The more than 150-year dominance of silver-halide
technology is rapidly diminishing. An analogous, but essen-
tially different technology, increasingly serves in the stead of
traditional chemical imaging systems: digital cameras
replace cameras that use film; for some uses, scanners
replace cameras; printers replace darkrooms; bathrooms that
had been converted to darkrooms are being converted back
into bathrooms. The truly marvelous new technologies are
seen by most who embrace them as the natural evolution-
ary progress of photography. Some, however, see it as some-
thing entirely different. For those who express unease or
regret at change, advocates of progress point out that pho-
tographic technology has always been transforming since its
commercial introduction in 1839. One process has yielded
to another, over and over again, as improvements have been
made. What we are experiencing now, they say, is just "the
closing of another chapter in the history of photography."
But, it is the last chapter in the book. One has only to look
at the news of the behavior of those companies that estab-
lished themselves on silver-halide technology to see that
they are in the process of dividing their businesses.
"Photography," meaning "writing with light," was per-
haps never a sufficiently good word to describe the totality
of the technology it intended to encompass. Resorting to
dictionaries will reveal a disturbing variance of definitions
for such a profoundly present and influential technology. In
common usage, "photography" and "photograph" are used
as synonyms, quite incorrectly.The profession inconsistently
is referred to as "photography conservation," "photographic
conservation," and "photograph conservation."They are not
the same thing.The sufficiently vague "photo conservation"
gains popularity, but implies only "the conservation of
light." The more careful avoid the problem by referring to
"photographic materials" as their professional conservation
purview. But does "photographic materials" include such
things as magnetic and electronic media? The confusion of
language indicates a confusion of concept, for which there
are many reasons. That confusion is growing.
The lessons of photographic history teach that there is
an astonishingly rapid loss of knowledge and skill attending
the usurpation of one commercially dominant system of
photography by another. Much research effort in photo-
graph conservation has been, is, and will be devoted to
rediscovering and exploring past methods. Historic process
recreation is a fundament of photograph conservation edu-
cation. Today, it is appropriate to view silver-halide based
photography as an historic process, even though it is still
with us. The loss of knowledge of the craft of traditional
photography is now ongoing.The experience of developing
a latent image by chemistry will soon be unknown to most.
It is evident that the conservation specialty devoted to pho-
tographs, however it defines "photograph," must preserve
the knowledge of the ways in which photographs have been
made. To adopt too loose a definition of "photograph" at
this time, with the encouragement of the pied pipers of the
"new," is to hasten that obliteration process and further
encumber our ability to effectively conserve the vast her-
itage of chemical imaging technology.
Those who make a profession out of conserving photo-
graphs must be clear to themselves and others about the
definition of both conservator and photograph. Without
those definitions, who may be recognized, by themselves or
others, as a photograph conservator? Due to the diverse
nature and long history of chemical imaging technology, its
products, and its many contexts of valuation, photograph
conservators must increasingly specialize. Those charged
with educating photograph conservators already know the
impossibility of training general practitioners in light of
current knowledge. Adding to this existing challenge, the
task of understanding a new and most complex technology
must necessarily fragment the profession further. The pho-
tographic industry has forgotten its history and will some-
day be, itself, forgotten.
"Info-imaging" has been proposed as the new name
appropriate for the new industry. It is thus possible that some-
day there will be info-imaging conservation. Whatever its
name will be, a new profession is evolving because of revolu-
tionary changes in technology. But it cannot call itself photo-
graph conservation. The meaning of the word photograph
cannot be infinitely stretched to describe the products of the
new technology without damaging understanding of the
older. Not everything that looks like a photograph is truly a
photograph to a true photograph conservator.
--Grant Romer
4 AIC N
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2004
Mr. and Mrs. Gustav Berger
Meg Loew Craft
Richard Kerschner
Jane Klinger
Karl Knauer
Murray Lebwohl
Charles Moore
Debra Hess Norris
Jan Paris
Maureen Russell
Thomas Turner
Pamela Young
D O N A T I O N S
We extend great appreciation to all members participating in
the FAIC 2004 fund drive.Your contributions to FAIC funds
are greatly valued. Donations are still coming into the office; if
you contributed and do not see your name here, please be assured
you will be listed in the next AIC News.
Thank you for helping build a stronger future for FAIC.
What Is a Photograph?
continued from page 1
From the
President
The work of the AIC board
contined during the summer
months. In August, we all partic-
ipated in a facilitated retreat.
The meeting proved to be very
useful and affirming for the
board and for the executive
director. The results of the
retreat included new drafts of
our core values and mission statements, a new draft of the
FAIC bylaws, and beginnings of strategic plans for both the
AIC and FAIC. All of these will be considered at the next
board meeting in November. Please see the article by Meg
Craft on p. 7 for details.
Right after the November board meeting there will be an
IAG meeting (Internal Advisory Group: the board, committee
chairs, and specialty group chairs). As per our issues session in
Portland, the annual meeting will be an important topic for
the IAG, with discussions of scheduling for the Minneapolis
meeting in 2005 and ideas for upcoming meetings and the
conduct of the meetings in general. Please contact your spe-
cialty group chair or Jay Krueger, the chair of the Annual
Meeting Task Force, to make your ideas known.
In reviewing the past year, I wish to thank two board
members who retired at the annual meeting: Craig Deller,
director of communications, and Hilary Kaplan, secretary.
Craig Deller
Craig served six years as the director of communica-
tions. His predecessor, Beth Perkins, had been director of
outreach, but a consultant study suggested that it would be
a good idea to consolidate publications, outreach, etc. under
the director of communications. Craig was the first. He said
that there was a lot of fumbling at first, and it took a while
"to get our bearings straight," but after the initial period
things "evolved very nicely."
Oversight of publications fell to Craig during his tenure.
The Publications Committee has begun to move forward
with a set of "best practices" documents to guide us. Craig
also stressed the role of publications in our strategic plans--
publications are an important member benefit and need to
be part of our planning process.
Craig is proud of the national press coverage that we
received during his tenure, stating, "Getting on Antiques
Road Show was a coup." Attaining press coverage can be
AIC N
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2004 5
Nouvir
Half Page
Pickup ad from September 2004, page 30
difficult; there is a widespread notion that we should be
more public but it's difficult to promote our cause in pop-
ular venues. An example of local public outreach, the
Angels Project, is very much a work in progress, according
to Craig.This annual program is a wonderful outreach tool,
but it needs to be encouraged and funded.
Craig separates outreach activities into two groups: those
related to fundraising and development, which is properly
handled by the board and coordinated by the executive direc-
tor, and those related to the public. Public outreach, he thinks,
could be more actively handled by a committee. This group
might set up lecture series, promote conservation through a
set of materials that are easy to disseminate or use at meet-
ings of affiliate organizations, and provide oversight for other
national efforts. Craig was very pleased at the response and
discussion that took place at the issues session during the
2003 meeting, and would like to see us build on that interest.
The idea of an outreach committee has been tabled while we
deal with more basic organizational issues, but Craig hopes
that it will resurface in the future.
I asked Craig what was the most fun for him on the
board and he said, "It was always fun . . . I always enjoyed
it." And from my experiences with Craig, I know he's
telling the truth. "Now I'm going to devote my time to set-
ting up a lab in the Caribbean," he said. Craig is thinking
about a centralized location, a regional lab, possibly a float-
ing one, with emphasis on disaster preparedness and recov-
ery. We wish him the best in all his endeavors.
Hilary A. Kaplan
Hilary served four years as the secretary of the AIC (and
the FAIC) and I want to thank her for her yeoman service
in what is always a difficult and thankless task: doing the
minutes of our meetings. As Hilary pointed out, if you're
doing the minutes you are subject of an ongoing critique. I
(personally) know how difficult it is to record and write the
minutes. Hilary's minutes were always detailed and accu-
rate, and I can't say thank you enough.
She also deserves praise for her ongoing work with the
AIC archives. During Hilary's tenure she oversaw two
interns charged with organizing and archiving critical AIC
institutional documents. While much progress has been
made with the AIC archives, this project is ongoing and
Hilary continues to contribute her time and expertise guid-
ing the office staff and new interns with this important
undertaking.
When she came on the board four years ago, Hilary was
the only new member. There didn't seem to be any orien-
tation. Since she was not familiar with any of the proce-
dures or protocols, she kept the minutes in great detail,
partly to avoid missing something important. As a result of
Hilary's comments, the board and the executive director are
now beginning to provide new board members with orien-
tation and an information packet. The board is thinking
about questions of continuity and how to pass on the meth-
ods of board operations; it was nice to hear from Hilary that
this is a positive and necessary direction for us to take.
Another event that Hilary excelled at was playing the
piano at the Garrison and Lull party during AIC. I was able
to attend this year and we all enjoyed it greatly. Hilary said
that she loves playing the piano, but she doesn't get to
sample the food! We all look forward to future perform-
ances at upcoming annual meetings!
I asked Hilary what was the most fun she had while on
the board and she replied immediately, "Doing the banquet
with Nancy Odegaard! It was fun pulling it all together. It
was the closest I will get to being a game show host! I hope
Nancy will continue."
Again, heartfelt thanks to both Hilary and Craig for
their long and faithful service.
--Tom Chase, AIC President, tchase4921@aol.com
6 AIC N
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Hilary Kaplan and Helen Mar Parkin at the Garrison-Lull Party, AIC,
2004. Photo: Tom Chase.
Thank you to all the fellows and
professional associates who responded
to the Guide to Conservation Services
survey. Your comments will be
invaluable as we continue to examine
the site and plan upgrades. With your
help, we can enhance the AIC's website
and provide a highly accessible
resource for both conservators
and the public.
AIC News
An Important Board Retreat
What kind of organization should AIC be in 2007? For
the past 32 years, AIC has adapted to meet the changing
needs of its members. These changes have been guided by
a series of strategic plans. In order to shape the strategic
plans for 20042007 for both AIC and the Foundation of
the American Institute for Conservation (FAIC), the AIC
board of directors and executive director met for a facili-
tated two-day retreat in August.
The retreat focused on two central issues: how AIC can
move forward to engage in more outreach beyond the mem-
bership and how FAIC can more fully serve as a charitable
and educational foundation to support education, outreach,
and other activities of importance to conservation.
Following a brief discussion of the history and evolution
of the AIC, board members explored the following questions:
·
What are the core values of the AIC?
·
What is professionalism?
·
What is outreach?
·
What is growth for us?
·
What is our legacy as a board?
These conversations established the groundwork for
developing long-range plans. Specific goals and strategies
for the AIC will be outlined in the 20042007 AIC strate-
gic plan currently in development. It was helpful, too, for
the board to revisit the AIC mission statement, which was
slightly revised (see adjacent box).
For several years, the board has been discussing the
desire to match the professional development endowment.
To do this, fundraising activities must go beyond grant writ-
ing to include corporate and individual cultivation. It has
become clear that the FAIC board needs to become a
development board and function differently than the AIC
board. A great deal of work has been done to explore a
transition of such significance. Related topics discussed at
the retreat included:
·
Corporate and tax issues related to educational and
charitable foundations
·
Revising the FAIC bylaws
·
Restructuring the FAIC board as a development board
·
Cultivation and recruitment of new board members
·
How the AIC and FAIC will work together
·
Process and timeframe for the transition
Since the retreat, the board has been continuing its impor-
tant work. By November, the board will be ready to approve
a FAIC mission statement, a vision statement, and revisions to
the FAIC bylaws, in addition to the AIC strategic plan. Strate-
gic goals for the Foundation will also be agreed on.
Please contact Eryl Wentworth at ewentworth@aic-
faic.org or any member of the AIC board if you have any
questions or comments regarding long-range planning for
the AIC and FAIC.
--Meg Loew Craft, AIC Secretary, mcraft@thewalters.org
A New Image for AIC
The new graphic image for AIC, designed by Krohn
Design, will be introduced in early 2005 with a redesigned
newsletter and the new logo on the cover of the fall/winter
Journal. Keep an eye out for our new stationery, too, for
both AIC and FAIC!
In addition to the new design, the "People" column has
now changed to "Member News" to include more news
from members. Let us know where you are and of special
projects that might be of interest to the entire membership.
Send your submissions to Nora Armbruster, publications
manager, narmbruster@aic-faic.org.
AIC N
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On August 13, 2004, the board voted to revise the
AIC mission statement to read:
The American Institute for Conservation of Historic &
Artistic Works (AIC) is the national membership organization
supporting conservation professionals in preserving cultural her-
itage by establishing and upholding professional standards, pro-
moting research and publication, providing educational opportu-
nities, and fostering the exchange of knowledge among
conservators, allied professionals, and the public.
Prior mission statement:
The American Institute for Conservation of Historic &
Artistic Works (AIC) is the national membership organization
of conservation professionals dedicated to preserving the art and
historic artifacts of cultural heritage for future generations. AIC
advances the practices and promotes the importance of the
preservation of cultural property by establishing and upholding
professional standards and coordinating the exchange of knowl-
edge, research, and publications.
Aic
A m e r i c a n
I n s t i t u t e
C o n s e r vat i o n
Historic
artistic works
for
of
and
With regret, we announce that Elizabeth Roscio,
membership associate, left the AIC to take a full-
time position with the Daughters of the American
Revolution Museum. Meagan Goddard has
assumed the of title membership assistant. Working
with Megan Nash, she will answer member ques-
tions and manage membership data entry.
8 AIC N
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Annual Meeting News
Call for Posters
The AIC poster session welcomes abstracts of posters to
be presented at the 33rd annual meeting in Minneapolis,
Minnesota, June 813, 2005. The poster session provides an
open forum for sharing information among colleagues. We
encourage presentations from students, new members, and
professionals from allied fields. This is an ideal opportunity
to present preliminary findings, tips, and any projects that
could not be included in the specialty group sessions.
A one-page preliminary abstract should be received by
January 21, 2005, via e-mail, fax, or post (e-mail is pre-
ferred). Acceptance will be confirmed by February 4 and
final abstracts will be due from presenters by February 18.
The conference language is English, but assistance is avail-
able for presenters for whom English is a second language.
If you require assistance with translation, please contact the
poster session co-chairs prior to January 21.
How to contact the poster session co-chairs:
Valinda Carroll
P.O. Box 3203
Hampton,Va. 23663
(757) 727-5553
Fax: (757) 727-5952
Cary Beattie Maguire
(401) 297-9024
E-mail: AICposter@craquelure.net
2005 Annual Meeting
Marketing Opportunities
Exhibition Opportunities
AIC's 33rd annual meeting will be held June 813,
2005, in Minneapolis, Minnesota, at the Hyatt
Regency Minneapolis. Because more than 800 of our
most active members attend each year, this would be a
great opportunity for you to display your products and
services. Please note that fully paid reservations (prior
to December 10) will receive a $200 discount off of
the exhibit fee.
Advertising Opportunities
In addition to the exhibit hall, advertising opportu-
nities are available in the annual meeting (registration
brochure, final program, and abstract book) and other
AIC publications (AIC News, JAIC, and AIC Directory).
For more information, please contact:
Sheila Paige
AIC Meetings and Marketing Officer
AIC
1717 K Street, NW, Suite #200
Washington, D.C. 20006
(202) 452-9545, ext. 16
E-mail at spaige@aic-faic.org
Member News
Mary Todd (Toddy) Glaser
has
retired from the Northeast Document
Conservation Center (NEDCC) after
25 rewarding years. She will continue
to provide consultation and survey
services. She can be reached at 114
Bridge St., Salem, Mass. 01970; (978)
745-8049, bridgebird@verizon.net.
The White House Historical Associ-
ation held a two-day symposium in
Washington, D.C., on September 22 and
23 titled, "Presenting the White House:
A
Decorative Arts Symposium."
Included among the historians and cura-
tors who gave presentations were two
conservators.
Robin M. Hanson
, assis-
tant conservator of textiles at the Cleve-
land Museum of Art, spoke about a silk
crazy quilt and pillow sham in the White
House collection that were made during
the years 1893 to 1904. Using historic
black-and-white photographs of the
public rooms of state, Hanson was suc-
cessful in matching four fabrics used in
the quilt, substantiating their provenance
to a local, Washington, D.C., merchant
who provided a variety of services to the
White House, including upholstery.
Robert Mussey
, a former contract
furniture conservator for the White
House, discussed the large group of
furniture by cabinetmakers John and
Thomas Seymour in the White House
collections. He discussed the culturally
ambiguous position that English immi-
grant artisans experienced in the first
decades after the American Revolu-
tion, and the conflict between French
and English design as embodied in
White House furnishings.
Dr. Robert J. Koestler
was
appointed the new director of the
Smithsonian Center for Materials
Research and Education (SCMRE),
effective August 30, 2004. Dr. Koestler,
a cell biologist and electron micro-
scopist, spent much of his career at the
Metropolitan Museum of Art and the
American Museum of Natural History
in New York. He has consulted on
many projects worldwide for founda-
tions, museums, collections, and gov-
ernment conservation institutes and
has served as an adjunct professor for
New York University's Institute of Fine
Arts Conservation Center. He will
bring new research capabilities and
focus to SCMRE's research and con-
servation and will work closely with
the Smithsonian's museums.
The Northeast Document Conser-
vation Center (NEDCC) has named
Walter Newman
the
new director of paper conservation. He has been NEDCC's
senior conservator since 1990.
Allied Organization News
Heritage Preservation News
Hurricane Response
The Heritage Emergency National Task Force is striving
to get solid salvage information out to areas affected by this
year's string of hurricanes. "Save Your Treasures the Right
Way," a press release with basic tips for the public on saving
water-damaged photographs and other heirlooms, was sent
to daily newspapers and media websites all over the South-
east after hurricanes Charley, Gaston, Frances, and Ivan.
The press release was also sent to local conservation
alliances in the Southeast and posted on the websites of
regional preservation organizations. A flyer with the same
information was displayed by the Federal Emergency Man-
agement Agency (FEMA) at Disaster Recovery Centers and
distributed to state librarians and members of the Interna-
tional Association of Emergency Managers.
The press release and other preparedness and salvage
tips are available at www.heritageemergency.org.
International Outreach
A delegation of cultural leaders from Afghanistan visited
Heritage Preservation on August 13, 2004, to spotlight the
plight of their cultural heritage and discuss how to save
their national treasures. Heritage Emergency National Task
Force Director Jane Long and other staff members spoke
with them about the Heritage Preservation's work in the
United States. The visit was sponsored by the U.S. Depart-
ment of State's International Visitor Leadership Program,
which made it possible for each delegate to take with him
copies of the Emergency Response and Salvage Wheel, Caring
for Your Collections, and The Conservation Assessment: A Tool for
Planning, Implementing, and Fund-raising. For more about the
meeting, visit www.heritagepreservation.org.
News from AAM
Changes for AAM Accreditation Program
The American Association of Museum's Accreditation
Commission has provisionally approved a revised set of
Characteristics of an Accreditable Museum, effective January
2005. The revisions will also serve as the basis for a revised
accreditation self-study questionnaire.
A copy of the draft characteristics is available on the
Accreditation Program website (www.aam-us.org/accred).
Please send comments to accfeedback@aam-us.org.
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The
Art & Science
of Protection
For Artwork, Prints, Photographs & Collectibles
9400 W. 55th Street, McCook, IL 60525
www.tru-vue.com
800-621-8339
Optium
TM
Museum Acrylic is the
best choice for handling your
most delicate and irreplaceable
works of art.
This lightweight, anti-reflective, clear-
coated acrylic provides greater security
than traditional glazing. Optium
TM
Museum
Acrylic also offers protection against harmful
UV light rays without masking the beauty
of art.
It is ideal for framing all mediums including
pastels and charcoals and is a perfect display
and shadow box choice.
For a sample, call the Tru Vue Customer
Service department at 800-621-8339.
10 AIC N
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The commission is also revising some of the Accreditation
Commission Expectations documents. In the coming year, the
commission will revise the existing Expectations on institu-
tional planning and codes of ethics, adding more detail and
answering frequently asked questions. Commission and
accreditation staff members will work with the field to
develop draft expectations on interpretation, evaluation,
and governance.
AAM Launches "Museum Careers"
AAM launched a new feature on its website, www.aam-
us.org, called Museum Careers.This new online service will
represent a major upgrade for job seekers and advertisers,
making career development and staff recruitment easier,
faster, and more effective for individuals and institutions.
Museum Careers will offer updated job listings 24 hours
a day; searchable listings by employer, location, salary range,
job category, and/or title; and e-mail alerts when new list-
ings appear matching a preferred profile. Advertisers will be
able to post jobs in real time right from their desktops and
track activity online to measure and report on recruitment
advertising.
More information on Museum Careers will be available
in the print publication, Aviso, and on www.aam-us.org.
Tips for Small Museums
Small museums will soon be able to look into the oper-
ations of small, accredited institutions, get tips on the
process, and learn more about best practices. Several
recently accredited small museums volunteered to let AAM
distribute their accreditation self-study questionnaires and
documentation and share the achievements and challenges
that came with their experience. The materials will be
available by the end of year.
For more information, contact Vanessa Simpson at (202)
218-7711 or vsimpson@aam-usl.org.
AAM Information Center Adds New Resources
The Information Center has added extensive new mate-
rial to sections of its online resources. For example, "Facilities
& Risk Management" is organized into three categories: the
"Construction" section has information about expansion/ren-
ovation, feasibility studies, and new construction; "Facilities
and Site Management" addresses accessibility (ADA), cyclical
Deadlines for FAIC Grant and Scholarship Applications are February 1 and 15
Applications are due in February for requests for funding in seven categories that support projects by AIC mem-
bers. Guidelines and application forms are available at http://aic.stanford.edu/faic or from the AIC office. All mate-
rials must be received by the published deadlines for consideration.
February 1: The Christa Gaehde fund promotes study and research in the conservation of art on paper by mem-
bers of the AIC. Projects may involve individual study; attendance at workshops, conferences, or other events; pur-
chase of materials for research projects; or other activities in keeping with the purpose of the fund. Awards typically
range from $500 to $1,000.
February 1: The Carolyn Horton fund supports continuing education and training for AIC members who are pro-
fessional book and paper conservators. Awards typically range from $500 to $1,000.
February 15: George Stout Memorial awards help support attendance at professional meetings by AIC student
members. Awards typically range from $300 to $1,000.
February 15: Individual Professional Development Grants offer support of up to $1,000 to help defray professional
development costs for AIC members.
February 15: Lecture Grants offer up to $500 for the purpose of presenting public lectures to help advance public
awareness of conservation.
February 15: Regional Angels Grants offer up to $1,000 toward the development and implementation of volunteer
projects that bring teams of conservators to work with collections in need of care around the country.
February 15: Workshop Development Grants offer up to $1,000 to help defray costs for development and presen-
tation of regional workshops for conservators.
Projects should begin no earlier than April 1 for full consideration. Hard copies (no faxes, please) of application
forms, supporting documents, and any required letters of support must be delivered to the AIC office by the pub-
lished deadlines. Applications can also be submitted electronically if prepared according to the guidelines published
with each grant category. All letters of support should be sent by mail, not by fax or e-mail.
AIC N
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maintenance, and office procedures; and "Risk Management"
offers resources on emergency/disaster plan development,
emergency preparedness and recovery, hazards in collections,
insurance, recovery of business operations, safety, and issues of
security, theft, and vandalism.
The Information Center is located in the "Members
Only" section of the AAM website and is available to all
AAM members. In addition, institutional member museums
can access the Information Center's reference services,
including a growing collection of sample documents. Insti-
tutional member museums may contact the Information
Center at infocenter@aam-us.org.
Grants, Awards, and Fellowships
Grant Website
Twenty-six federal grant-making agencies in the United
States have created a common website for grant informa-
tion (www.grants.gov). A search feature has recently been
added to the site that can be accessed by clicking on the
"Finding Grant Opportunities" link. The site's "Apply for
Grant" link allows granting agencies to post grant applica-
tion packages and grant seekers to access and submit appli-
cations. For more information, contact (800) 518-GRANTS
or support@grants.gov.
More on Grants
The Advisory Council on Historic Preservation has
information on grant opportunities and other funding ideas
on its website, www.achp.gov.
2005 Conservation Assessment Program Grants
Available
The 2005 CAP applications were mailed on October
8, 2004. Applications will be accepted on a first-come,
first-served basis until the postmark deadline of Decem-
ber 1, 2004. CAP is a noncompetitive grant geared
toward small- and mid-sized museums to provide pro-
fessional conservation assessments. To learn more, visit
www.heritagepreservation.org.
If you know of an institution that could benefit from CAP
or if you have ideas about how CAP could impact institutions
in your area, we would like to hear from you! Please contact
Kate Marks at kmarks@heritagepreservation.org or (202)
233-0800.
$13.8 Million Awarded to Advance Innovation
and Public Service at Nation's Museums and
Libraries
The Institute of Museum and Library Services, the pri-
mary source of federal funds for the nation's museums and
libraries, announced grants in five categories of its National
Grant Deadlines
American Association of Museums (AAM) at www.aam-us.org
· Museum Assessment Program: December 1
Getty Grant Program at www.getty.edu/grants
· Museum Conservation Grants, Survey Grants: no deadline
· Museum Conservation Grants, Treatment Grants: no deadline
· Architectural Conservation Grants, Planning Grants: April 10, 2005
· Architectural Conservation Grants, Implementation Grants: April
10, 2005
· Special Initiative: Campus Heritage Grants: April 10, 2005
Institute for Museum and Library Services (IMLS) at
www.imls.gov/grants/index.htm
· Museums for America: November 15
· Conservation Assessment Program: December 1
· Museum Assessment Program: December 1
· 21st Century Museum Professionals: December 15
· Native American Museum Services Program: TBA
· Librarians for the 21st Century: December 15
· National Leadership Grants for Libraries: February 1, 2005
· National Leadership Grant for Museums: February 1, 2005
· Native American Library Services Program: Basic and
Professional: March 1, 2005
· Native American Library Services Program: Enhancement: May 1, 2005
National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) at www.neh.gov
· We the People Challenge Grants in U.S. History, Institutions and
Culture: February 2, 2005
· Implementation Grants for Humanities Projects in Libraries and
Archives: February 3, 2005
· Implementation Grants for Museums and Historical Organiza-
tions: February 3, 2005
· Implementation Grants for Special Projects: February 3, 2005
· Consultation Grants for Libraries, Museums, or Special Projects:
March 22, 2005
· Challenge Grants: May 3, 2005
· Preservation Assistance Grants: May 16, 2005
· Preservation and Access Education and Training Grants: July 1, 2005
· Preservation and Access Research and Development Projects
Grants: July 1, 2005
· United States Newspaper Programs: July 1, 2005
· Grants to Preserve and Create Access to Humanities Collections:
July 15, 2005
· Reference Materials Grants: July 15, 2005
· Planning Grants for Libraries, Museums, and Special Projects:
September 16, 2005
· Recovering Iraq's Past: Request for Proposals to Preserve and Doc-
ument Iraq's Cultural Heritage: Projects accepted on a rolling basis
National Historical Publications and Records Commission
(NHPRC) at www.archives.gov/grants/index.html
· Grant Proposals: June 1, 2005
Preserve America at www.preserveamerica.gov
· Preserve America Communities: rolling deadline; December 1;
March 1, 2005; June 1, 2005; September 1, 2005
Save America's Treasures at www2.cr.nps.gov/treasures
· 2005 deadline has not been set
Leadership Grants. More than $13 million ($13,840,786)
has been awarded to 44 museum and libraries throughout
the country in this highly competitive grant program. The
recipients will match the awards with an additional
$14,767,538. For contact lists of the National Leadership
Grant recipients and project descriptions, please see
www.imls.gov/whatsnew/stategrants0903nlg.htm.
The five grant categories are national leadership grants
for libraries; research and demonstration and preservation
or digitization categories; national leadership grants for
museums; museums online and professional practices cate-
gories; and national leadership grants for museum and
library collaborations.
Lower Hudson Conference Awards $104,000
Statewide in Museum Conservation Treatment
Grants
Lower Hudson Conference of Historical Agencies &
Museums (LHC) has awarded $104,000 in conservation
treatment grants to 25 organizations, in association with the
Museum Program of the New York State Council on the
Arts (NYSCA), a state agency. These regranted funds pro-
vide support for treatment procedures by professional con-
servators to aid in stabilizing and preserving a wide array
of unique objects in collections of museums, historical, and
cultural organizations in New York State.
Not-for-profit organizations with stewardship responsi-
bility for cultural collections, but lacking in-house conser-
vation staff, were eligible applicants; collections owned by
state or federal agencies were ineligible for support. Grant
funding was available for conservation treatment of paint-
ings, works on paper, textiles, furniture, sculpture, ethno-
graphic, historical, and decorative objects. The grant pro-
gram also offered support for professional treatment of
frames, supports, stands, and mounts that are integral to the
final presentation of the object, after conservation.
Grant awards are made for prioritized, urgently needed
conservation of objects that, once treated, will impact on
public interpretive programs, exhibitions, and education.
CLIR Accepting Applications for Mellon
Dissertation Fellowships
CLIR will award approximately ten fellowships to sup-
port dissertation research in original source material for
periods of 8 to 12 months. Each fellowship will carry a
stipend of up to $20,000. Applicants must be enrolled in a
doctoral program in a graduate school in the United States;
they must be ready to start dissertation research between
June 1 and September 1, 2005. Proposals must have been
accepted at least 6 months before the starting date of the
fellowship. Fellows must have completed all other doctoral
requirements before their dissertation research begins.
For more information, www.clir.org/fellowships/
mellon/mellon.html, info@clir.org, or (202) 939-4750.
Applicants must be postmarked by November 15, 2004
(November 1, 2004, if mailed from outside the U.S.).
12 AIC N
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M
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33rd AIC Annual Meeting · June 813, 2005 · Hyatt Regency Minneapolis
2005 Annual Meeting Theme:
The Documentation Dilemma: Managing Conservation Data in the 21st Century
Tentative Meeting Schedule:
Wednesday, June 8, 2005
Workshops, Tours, Public Lecture
Thursday, June 9, 2005
General Session, Opening Reception
Friday, June 10, 2005
General and Issue Sessions, Exhibit Hall
Saturday, June 11, 2005
Specialty Group Sessions/Meetings/Events,
Exhibit Hall, Poster Sessions, Awards
Banquet and Dance
Sunday, June 12, 2005
Specialty Group Sessions/Meetings/Events
Monday, June 13, 2005
Workshops and Tours
For more information
please contact:
Sheila Paige
Meetings & Marketing
Officer
AIC
1717 K Street, NW
Suite 200
Washington, DC 20006
202/452-9545, ext.16
spaige@aic-faic.org
Look for this year's registration brochure in February 2005!
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JAIC News
More than once, I have been told that an author is reluc-
tant to publish in JAIC because of its peer-review process.
One part of me (my ego) can understand this as I have had
many multi-page reviews written for my articles and thus
understand the difficulty in reading a review. However,
another part of me (my logic) does not agree, since I know
my peers will be examining and forming opinions about my
paper regardless of where it is published. As such, I would
much rather read an honest, anonymous review of my paper
in private than continually wonder how the paper was
received. The reviewer's comments will then allow me to
refine the paper before a wider audience reads it.
Reviews are written to be helpful. The outside perspec-
tive of a person examining the paper for the first time can
provide insight for improving the paper. As JAIC reviewers
often have extensive experience writing articles, they are
good at recognizing areas where a paper can benefit from
reorganization, modifications, or additions. Given the
uniqueness of humans, however, no two people will write
an article the same way. Thus, there may be cases when the
exact wording and format in a suggested change does not
correspond to the author's preferences. In that instance, it is
most important for the author to recognize the intent of
the recommendation (i.e., clarification of an idea, etc.) and
to incorporate that concept into the revised paper.
Every reviewer will look for these main points: origi-
nality, purpose, clarity, completeness, correct style, details,
and examples. The last two items are very important and
most often overlooked. Don't understand? Let me give an
example. An author might have made a particular adhesive
mixture so many times that rote steps, such as mixing time,
are no longer critical because they inherently recognize the
viscosity and appearance of the completed mixture. How-
ever, for someone trying to use a new process for the first
time, stirring a mixture for 1 minute vs. 5 minutes may
make the difference between success and failure.The incor-
poration of details is often caught when a reviewer is exam-
ining a paper and considering its practical implications.
The overall purpose of a peer reviewer is to decide
whether the article will make a significant contribution to
the conservation literature. This is never an easy "yes" or
"no" decision. Most likely, a "yes, but" decision is made
where the reviewer recognizes the potential usefulness of
the information but feels that the presentation needs alter-
ation. We have been fortunate at JAIC to have many
reviewers who willingly spend large amounts of time to
thoroughly examine submissions and provide detailed lists
of recommendations for improving the articles. This results
in high-quality publications for JAIC.
With all of this in mind, I am asking each of you,
whether or not you have been a JAIC author, to volunteer
to have your name on a potential reviewer list.You may e-
mail your name, along with a short description of your
areas of expertise, to me (mderrick@mfa.org) or Nora
Armbruster, AIC publications manager (narmbruster@aic-
faic.org). The guidelines for reviewers are printed on the
AIC website found at http://aic.stanford.edu/pubs/
revguide.html.
--Michele Derrick, JAIC Editor-in-Chief, mderrick@mfa.org
Self Delusion #5:
"Of course it won't affect
my eyesight!"
Do you know what kind of goggles
to wear for the job?
A reminder from the AIC Health and
Safety Committee
Want a Long and Healthy Career in
Conservation?
Join the Health & Safety Committee as a
student member! The Health & Safety
Committee of AIC is accepting applications for a
student member to serve a 2-year term. Ideally,
the student will have completed his/her first
year, as the position begins in June 2005. The
student's interest/background in laboratory
safety, industrial hygiene, or toxicology are
important components for this position.
The successful applicant will participate in
Health & Safety Committee activities including
the one-day meeting in Washington, D.C., in the
fall (expenses will be paid).
For further information, contact Lisa Goldberg,
chair, Health & Safety Committee,
lgoldberg@stny.rr.com.
New Materials and Research
Natural History Storage Resources Displays
Available for Loan
The Society for the Preservation of Natural History
Collections (SPNHC) maintains two displays of supplies
and materials used by museums for the storage and preser-
vation of natural history collections. Examples of items
included in the displays are materials used in the construc-
tion of storage containers and specimen supports; equip-
ment for monitoring storage environments (e.g., humidity,
temperature, insects); and a variety of containers for the
storage of collections and documentation. Some of the
products are discipline-specific (e.g., pH neutral glassine for
interleaving between herbarium sheets) but most can be
used in multidisciplinary collections (e.g., ethafoam for
lining shelves; Tyvek tape for box and tray construction).
The displays are available for loan to interested parties for
meetings, conferences, workshops, and other museum-
related activities.
In the United States please contact Cindy Ramotnik,
U.S. Geological Survey, Museum of Southwestern Biology,
University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, N.Mex. 87131;
(505) 277-5369; Fax: (505) 277-0304; ramotnik@unm.edu.
In Canada contact Janet Waddington, Royal Ontario
Museum, 100 Queen's Park, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S
2C6;
(416) 586-5593;
Fax:
(416) 586-5863;
janetw@rom.on.ca. Additional information on the displays,
including shipping instructions and display specifications,
can be found on the conservation link on the SPNHC web-
site at www.spnhc.org. The complete list of suppliers and
vendors used in both displays has been recently updated for
both displays and is available on the website. Please note
that selection of individual products or vendors in the dis-
plays is not an endorsement by the society.
We are always looking for new products to include with
the displays.These items can include products not yet made
widely available to consumers as well as products used in
nontraditional ways to solve collection-related problems. If
you are aware of a reasonably priced product that monitors
temperature, humidity, and light levels in collection areas, or
a glue that holds up under a variety of environmental con-
ditions, use a storage container for your "wet collections"
that completely eliminates fluid evaporation, or have found
use of a new material that can be adapted for the safe stor-
age of museum collections, we would like to hear from you.
Selected items will be presented in future issues of the
SPNHC newsletter and will be considered for inclusion on
the resources displays. Please contact either Janet Wadding-
ton or Cindy Ramotnik with your suggestions.
Conference Report
SPNHC Conference
May 1116, 2004
The Society for the Preservation of Natural History
Collections (SPNHC) held its 19th annual meeting at the
American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) in New
York City. The organizing committee prepared a full sched-
ule of talks, posters, a field trip to Yale Peabody Museum,
AMNH collection tours, and, a great boat party around
New York Harbor. The conference was the largest held so
far, with more than 220 attendees and vendors.
The meeting was organized around two main themes:
"Museum SOS: Strategies for Emergency Response and
Salvage" and "Bridge Building." In response to the second
theme, the meeting was held jointly with the International
Society for Biological and Environmental Repositories
(ISBER), the main professional body for managers of frozen
tissue collections. Members of each organization were able
to attend each other's presentations, view posters, visit ven-
dors, and chat at the icebreaker evening that was held in the
grand North West Coast Indian Hall. The hope was to
encourage dialog in efforts to enable managers of more
"traditional" natural history collections to learn about the
specialized techniques needed to respond to the increasing
demands for high-quality material for molecular studies,
while transferring their knowledge of collection manage-
ment and documentation to collections outside the
museum community.
The main body of SPNHC presentations followed the
theme of "Museum SOS: Strategies for Emergency
Response and Salvage." The first day, sponsored by the
National Science Foundation, consisted of invited speakers
whose presentations centered around two general topics:
the importance of collaborative efforts, whether interna-
tional, national, or local for disaster planning and response,
and studies of disaster planning and events requiring
response. Keynote speaker, Larry Reger of Heritage Preser-
vation, outlined improvement in the emergency response
resources available to collecting institutions through
national alliances such as the Heritage Emergency National
Task Force. One of the Tasks Forces successes is the Emer-
gency Response and Salvage Wheel, a practical tool with
essential information from conservation professionals for
protecting documents and artifacts from water damage.
Another success is the Alliance for Response Forums held
in Dallas, Boston, Cincinnati, and New York.
Barbara Roberts then stressed the importance of inter-
national collaboration for conservation professionals among
groups such as UNESCO, ICOM, and U.S. Armed Forces,
in cases of global natural disasters. Dale Gregory gave
examples of NYC institutions reaction to 9/11 by forming
a framework for an emergency plan and shared resources
network. Paul Schuchert reviewed the process of internal
collaboration to create a museum-wide disaster plan at the
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AMNH, from the perspective of Operational Planning and
Services. Wilbur Faulk stressed the importance of knowing
your local emergency response professionals to build rap-
port and assist them in understanding the special needs of
collecting institutions. Many times he used the phrase, "take
a fireman to lunch." David Tremain outlined a practical pro-
cedure for collecting institutions to develop their emer-
gency plan.
Presentations from an international group of attendees
provided an excellent overview of disaster planning or
response case studies: Dick Gould of Brown University
recounted the involvement of his team of forensic recovery
archaeologists assisting in the September 11 aftermath in
lower Manhattan; Nevra Erturk detailed work in Istanbul
museums to mitigate earthquake damage; Cap Sease
detailed the response effort before and during the recent
armed conflict in Iraq and showed examples of additional
successes and problems faced during other long- and short-
term conflicts; Michal Stehlik discussed the response and
recovery procedure during the recent floods of the Czech
Republic; Jennifer Castro showed excellent slides detailing
safety issues and artwork recovery of the damaged wing of
the Pentagon after 9/11; and Brett Eaton detailed the
reconstruction/renovation of the damaged wing with
improved technology.
Sessions on the second day were run as concurrent ses-